Neurologic physical therapy is a specialized field within physical therapy focused on the study and treatment of individuals with movement and functional impairments resulting from neurological conditions. As a research field and methodological approach, it investigates the pathophysiology of neurological deficits impacting motor control, sensation, balance, and gait, and rigorously evaluates the efficacy of rehabilitative interventions aimed at promoting neuroplasticity, recovery, adaptation, and improved participation in daily life. Key characteristics include the application of evidence-based assessment methodologies, the development of individualized treatment strategies, and the utilization of therapeutic exercise, manual therapy, and assistive technologies informed by principles of motor learning and control. Its significance lies in advancing clinical knowledge regarding neurological rehabilitation and optimizing functional outcomes and quality of life for populations affected by conditions such as stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis.